This pigment is melanin, its main function is to protect the body from the effects of ultraviolet rays. There are two main types of melanin, combinations of them make a person, for example, brunette or ginger:
- Eumelanin - has a brownish hue, the most common form
- Feomelanin - has a reddish tint, its protective features are worse, therefore it is considered defective
Melanin produces special cells in the basal layer of the skin - melanocytes that look like inverted octopuses.